This paper in an excursus on multiculturalism from a historical perspective. It ranges from the encounters of different cultures in Ancient Times, through the Middle Ages, the Reformation and Couter-Reformation period up to the present. It describes the peculiarity of the solution adopted, juridical or social, formal or informal. Although it is difficult to classify the various attitudes towards foreigners, a decisive distinction should be made between modern history and previous times. Until the 19th century the number of migrants was significant in an historical perspective, but limited in absolute terms. Another distinction must be made between high qualified migration and humble and unskilled workers. Cities' history are full of discriminatory measures towards local immigrants from villages who swelled the ranks of urban outcasts. Finally, it seems clear that the category of multiculturalism, as a premise for the successful integration of foreigners can only be applied with precautions to historical examples. The challenge of the clash of cultures was tackled differently in past societies, without necessarily meaning that those societies were racist or xenophobic. Successful examples of integration and development with the contribution of diversity in the past could involve measures of exclusion and discrimination unacceptable nowadays.
Il saggio intende fornire alcune linee di lettura sul ruolo che la diversità ha svolto nelle dinamiche sociali ed economiche nelle realtà urbane preindustriali. Nel corso dei secoli l'incontro di differenti culture o etnie ha generato problemi di differente natura, affrontati secondo strategie tra loro molto diverse: in alcuni casi l'inserimento di gruppi sociali di diversa provenienza rispetto al nucleo originario è stato colto come una opportunità economica, in altri casi furono messe in atto politiche di respingimento o coercizione nei confronti di coloro che erano percepiti, su un piano etnico o religioso, come diversi. Nel testo dopo aver inqadrato il problema da un punto di vista storico più generale, si affrontano alcuni particolari contesti storici, che forniscono sull'argomento interessanti esempi quanto alla varietà delle soluzioni adottate sul piano economico e scoiale per superare le difficoltà poste dall'incontro di diverse culture: il Mediterraneo antico; la Spagna , Roma, Londra tra Medioevo ed Età moderna; Amsterdam in età moderna.
Il governo della diversità tra dinamiche sociali e conflitti nella città preindustriale
SANSA, Renato
2011-01-01
Abstract
This paper in an excursus on multiculturalism from a historical perspective. It ranges from the encounters of different cultures in Ancient Times, through the Middle Ages, the Reformation and Couter-Reformation period up to the present. It describes the peculiarity of the solution adopted, juridical or social, formal or informal. Although it is difficult to classify the various attitudes towards foreigners, a decisive distinction should be made between modern history and previous times. Until the 19th century the number of migrants was significant in an historical perspective, but limited in absolute terms. Another distinction must be made between high qualified migration and humble and unskilled workers. Cities' history are full of discriminatory measures towards local immigrants from villages who swelled the ranks of urban outcasts. Finally, it seems clear that the category of multiculturalism, as a premise for the successful integration of foreigners can only be applied with precautions to historical examples. The challenge of the clash of cultures was tackled differently in past societies, without necessarily meaning that those societies were racist or xenophobic. Successful examples of integration and development with the contribution of diversity in the past could involve measures of exclusion and discrimination unacceptable nowadays.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.