It is in the "history of the moral ideas of the Semitis" that Marcel Mauss glimpses the origin of an important transformation of the gift which always affirms itself more as a "moral idea". From that insight, the aim of the article is to document this transformation, examining some conceptions and practices of the gift in Islam. Through the analysis of the sources and the aid of the historical and social researches is reconstructed a varied reality of gifts in the Arab-Islamic world. It’s about exchanges due to the sadaqa, a form of gift almost unknown in the Western World. It’s a question of a gift on voluntary basis that establishes a net of solidarity and cooperation widespread in the Islamic societies. Although spontaneous, the gifts due to the sadaqa are characterized by a certain regularity which is bound to the initiative of the individual, a regularity exposed to its idiosyncrasies and limits. The awareness that the ethics of the care, referable to the universe of the sadaqa, has to be strengthened was present since the Islam of the origins that feels the need to assure the solidarity making it compulsory: the zakat constitutes the juridical transcription of the sadaqa. A voluntary gift as the sadaqa thus becomes a regulative model for an obligation, the zakat, foreseen by the muslim law.
E’ nella “storia delle idee morali dei Semiti” che Marcel Mauss intravede l’origine di una importante trasformazione teorica del dono che si afferma sempre di più come una “nozione morale”. Partendo da questa intuizione, l’articolo si è posto come obbiettivo di documentare questa trasformazione, esaminando alcune concezioni e pratiche del dono nell’Islam. Attraverso l’analisi delle fonti e l’ausilio della ricerca storica e sociale, viene ricostruita una realtà variegata di donativi nel mondo arabo-islamico, una intensità di scambi riconducibile alla sadaqa, una forma di dono quasi del tutto sconosciuta in Occidente. Si tratta di un dono su base volontaria che istituisce un tessuto di solidarietà e cooperazione molto diffuso nelle società islamiche.
Forme di dono nel mondo arabo-islamico
FALCIONI, Daniela
2008-01-01
Abstract
It is in the "history of the moral ideas of the Semitis" that Marcel Mauss glimpses the origin of an important transformation of the gift which always affirms itself more as a "moral idea". From that insight, the aim of the article is to document this transformation, examining some conceptions and practices of the gift in Islam. Through the analysis of the sources and the aid of the historical and social researches is reconstructed a varied reality of gifts in the Arab-Islamic world. It’s about exchanges due to the sadaqa, a form of gift almost unknown in the Western World. It’s a question of a gift on voluntary basis that establishes a net of solidarity and cooperation widespread in the Islamic societies. Although spontaneous, the gifts due to the sadaqa are characterized by a certain regularity which is bound to the initiative of the individual, a regularity exposed to its idiosyncrasies and limits. The awareness that the ethics of the care, referable to the universe of the sadaqa, has to be strengthened was present since the Islam of the origins that feels the need to assure the solidarity making it compulsory: the zakat constitutes the juridical transcription of the sadaqa. A voluntary gift as the sadaqa thus becomes a regulative model for an obligation, the zakat, foreseen by the muslim law.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.