The Italian university system is undergoing a long transition period, during which the many reforms do not seem to have preserved the basic mode of operation that have characterized it since the early post-unification. Only the lack of historical comparative knowledge can make one believe that the problems rose in recent times. In fact, as demonstrated by the international literature on the governance of higher education, the fundamental question, that neither the legislature nor the main actors have never taken seriously, has been the inability of the Italian university system to reconcile the needs of higher education "for many ", or mass, with those of higher education" for a few, "or elite (along those those for advanced research). As a result, the "average" product in terms of collective performance has often turned out under satisfactory levels from both points of view. An adequate response to the problem should have required the acceptance of a strategic and organizational differentiation among the italian universities, that could have dispelled the rigid interpretation of some principles such as the legal value of higher education degrees and titles. In addition, taking a cue from international experiences, it should carefully consider the negative effects of an excessive extension of the mission pursued by each university. Notwithstanding the ideological constraints, the empirical findings reported in this paper show that the Italian universities have started on this path of diversification, even though for now only at a emerging, almost, covert-like, strategic level. There are however signals showing that in a future possible phase of decreasing regulatory constraints, diversification could extend to organizational structures and governance. To accomplish this, the tools of regulation and funding, which so far have been only begun to highlight differences in inputs, processes and outputs, should probably cease to be a marginal variation of the traditional hierarchical supervision and standardization-oriented regulative modes, making finally room for coordination and incentive devices set to facilitate learning, experimentation and innovation.
Il sistema universitario italiano sta attraversando un lungo periodo di transizione, durante il quale le molteplici riforme avviate non sembrano avere intaccato le modalità basilari di funzionamento che lo hanno caratterizzato fin dai primi anni post-unitari. Solo la carenza di conoscenze storiche e comparate, può far credere a qualche superficiale, anche se rinomato, osservatore, che i problemi delle università nascano in tempi recenti. In realtà, come dimostra la letteratura internazionale sulla governance della higher education, la questione di fondo, che né il legislatore né i principali attori hanno mai affrontato seriamente, riguarda l’incapacità del sistema universitario italiano di conciliare le esigenze dell’istruzione superiore “per molti”, o di massa, con quelle dell’alta formazione “per pochi”, o d’élite (insieme a quelle della ricerca più avanzata). Il risultato “medio” prodotto in termini di prestazioni collettive rischia così di essere insoddisfacente da entrambi i punti di vista. Una risposta adeguata al problema richiederebbe che si accettasse la prospettiva di una differenziazione strategica e organizzativa delle singole istituzioni universitarie, capace di sfatare la rigida interpretazione di alcuni principi come quello del valore legale del titolo di studio. Inoltre, prendendo spunto dalle esperienze internazionali, si tratterebbe di meditare attentamente sugli effetti negativi di un’eccessiva estensione delle missioni in capo a ciascuna università. Malgrado tutto, le rilevazioni empiriche riportate in questo lavoro, mostrano che le università italiane si sono avviate su questo percorso di diversificazione, per ora solo strategica, anche se, in futuro, in virtù di un’auspicata diminuzione dei vincoli normativi, la diversificazione potrebbe estendersi agli assetti organizzativi e di governance,. A tale scopo, tuttavia, gli strumenti di regolazione e di finanziamento, che finora si sono limitati a evidenziare queste differenze, dovrebbero probabilmente cessare di essere una variante marginale della tradizionale supervisione gerarchica e normativa, trasformandosi invece in dispositivi atti a facilitare l’apprendimento, la sperimentazione e l’innovazione.
Meccanismi di governance sistemica e forme organizzative nella higher education. Il caso italiano in prospettiva comparata
LUBERTO, Gaetano
2009-01-01
Abstract
The Italian university system is undergoing a long transition period, during which the many reforms do not seem to have preserved the basic mode of operation that have characterized it since the early post-unification. Only the lack of historical comparative knowledge can make one believe that the problems rose in recent times. In fact, as demonstrated by the international literature on the governance of higher education, the fundamental question, that neither the legislature nor the main actors have never taken seriously, has been the inability of the Italian university system to reconcile the needs of higher education "for many ", or mass, with those of higher education" for a few, "or elite (along those those for advanced research). As a result, the "average" product in terms of collective performance has often turned out under satisfactory levels from both points of view. An adequate response to the problem should have required the acceptance of a strategic and organizational differentiation among the italian universities, that could have dispelled the rigid interpretation of some principles such as the legal value of higher education degrees and titles. In addition, taking a cue from international experiences, it should carefully consider the negative effects of an excessive extension of the mission pursued by each university. Notwithstanding the ideological constraints, the empirical findings reported in this paper show that the Italian universities have started on this path of diversification, even though for now only at a emerging, almost, covert-like, strategic level. There are however signals showing that in a future possible phase of decreasing regulatory constraints, diversification could extend to organizational structures and governance. To accomplish this, the tools of regulation and funding, which so far have been only begun to highlight differences in inputs, processes and outputs, should probably cease to be a marginal variation of the traditional hierarchical supervision and standardization-oriented regulative modes, making finally room for coordination and incentive devices set to facilitate learning, experimentation and innovation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.