Melancholy, Nihilism, Crisis of Reason

In the period that extends from Hegel to Husserl, to the .post-modern. thinking, it seems that the dream of reason is first realized, and then it wears out until it disappears. If we follow the development of the Hegelian system we find, to speak metaphorically, first and foremost a paradise lost: it is an idea that assumes nature, the in itself (an sich) which becomes by itself ( für sich); but, at the same time there is a paradise regained. It is a lay paradise, secularized, but regained because after a long and complex itinerary the Spirit returns to itself, overcoming antitheses and acquiring the dimension of the in itself and by itself (an sich und für sich).