This essay reconstructs, comparing them for the first time in the recent history of contemporary socio-political studies, two of the most influential visions of citizenship that emerged in the last thirty years of the twentieth century in the United States of America: that of John Rawls, one of the most influential interpreters, at the international level, of liberal socialism, as well as the initiator of a particular procedure for the definition of "equal" citizenship, based on contractual "abstraction"; that of Robert A. Nisbet, a leading exponent of American intellectual conservatism who, in controversy precisely with the abstractionism of contemporary political philosophers, supports the importance of a "plural" citizenship, able to tackle the complexity of the present starting from a historical-realistic analysis of society. These are two opposite ways of understanding citizenship which reflect two different conceptions of the world, of society, and of politics and which do not exclude, indeed they sometimes even directly contemplate, the perspective of education, as an area of reflection parallel to that properly political, from which nevertheless it derives. The concept of citizenship centered on “equal” or “plural” models represents a significant way to analyze the close link between citizenship and the various aspects of liberal democracy.
Nel saggio si ricostruiscono, ponendole per la prima volta a confronto nella storia recente degli studi socio-politici contemporanei, due tra le più influenti visioni della cittadinanza affermatesi nell’ultimo trentennio del Novecento negli Stati Uniti d’America: quella di John Rawls, uno degli interpreti più influenti, a livello internazionale, del socialismo liberale, nonché iniziatore di un procedimento particolare per la definizione della cittadinanza “eguale”, fondato sull’“astrazione” contrattualistica; quella di Robert A. Nisbet, esponente di spicco del conservatorismo intellettuale americano che, in polemica proprio con l’astrattismo dei filosofi politici contemporanei, sostiene l’importanza di una cittadinanza “plurale”, in grado di affrontare la complessità del presente partendo da un’analisi storico-realistica della società. Si tratta di due modi opposti di intendere la cittadinanza che riflettono due diverse concezioni del mondo, della società e della politica e che non escludono, anzi la contemplano a tratti anche direttamente, la prospettiva dell’educazione, quale ambito di riflessioni parallelo rispetto a quello propriamente politico, da cui purtuttavia essa deriva. Il concetto di cittadinanza incentrato sui modelli “eguale” o “plurale” rappresenta un modo significativo per analizzare lo stretto legame tra la cittadinanza e i vari aspetti della democrazia liberale.
“Eguale” o “plurale”? La cittadinanza e le sue possibili declinazioni in democrazia
Spartaco Pupo
2020-01-01
Abstract
This essay reconstructs, comparing them for the first time in the recent history of contemporary socio-political studies, two of the most influential visions of citizenship that emerged in the last thirty years of the twentieth century in the United States of America: that of John Rawls, one of the most influential interpreters, at the international level, of liberal socialism, as well as the initiator of a particular procedure for the definition of "equal" citizenship, based on contractual "abstraction"; that of Robert A. Nisbet, a leading exponent of American intellectual conservatism who, in controversy precisely with the abstractionism of contemporary political philosophers, supports the importance of a "plural" citizenship, able to tackle the complexity of the present starting from a historical-realistic analysis of society. These are two opposite ways of understanding citizenship which reflect two different conceptions of the world, of society, and of politics and which do not exclude, indeed they sometimes even directly contemplate, the perspective of education, as an area of reflection parallel to that properly political, from which nevertheless it derives. The concept of citizenship centered on “equal” or “plural” models represents a significant way to analyze the close link between citizenship and the various aspects of liberal democracy.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.