The latter half of the 16th century was characterised by the proliferation of banditry, a phenomenon that even reached the boundaries of the Papal States. During this period, numerous bandit figures came to the fore, whose exploits were meticulously documented in the contemporary chronicles.The actions of one such figure, the Prete da Guercino, offer a unique lens into the underlying motivations and dynamics of social banditry, particularly with regard to their depiction. The prete da Guercino is known to have perpetrated his criminal activities primarily in the province of Marittima and Campagna, extending as far north as Rome on occasion. The modus operandi of his actions has frequently been intertwined with a narrative that is aimed, on the one hand, at discrediting the countermeasures that were put in place by Gregory XIII, and on the other, at emphasising the efficacy of Sixtus V's pontificate in eradicating banditry, according to a vulgate that has been widely disseminated. An approach centred on documentary sources makes it possible to reduce a Manichaean vision of the virtues and limitations of the two pontificates in combating the phenomenon of banditry. For instance, the assassination of the Prete da Guercino at the inception of Sixtus V's pontificate was in fact orchestrated by a concerted effort against a community that had provided sanctuary to the Guercino gang, as evidenced by a trial conducted by the criminal court of the governor of Rome at the behest of a brief from Gregory XIII.
La seconda metà del Cinquecento è caratterizzata dalla diffusione del fenomeno del banditismo, anche lo Stato pontificio non ne fu immune. In questo periodo emersero alcune figure di banditi, le cui gesta ebbero una vasta eco nelle cronache del tempo. L'analisi delle gesta di uno di questi, il prete da Guercino si rivela ricca di implicazioni per comprendere le motivazioni sottese al banditismo sociale e soprattutto le dinamiche legate alle loro rappresentazioni. Il prete da Guercino svolse la propria attività criminale principalmente nella provincia di Marittima e Campagna, spingendosi in alcuni casi anche a Nord di Roma. Le modalità delle sue azioni si sono spesso intrecciate con una narrazione tesa da una parte a screditare le misure di contrasto predisposte da Gregorio XIII, dall'altra a enfatizzare l'efficacia del pontificato di Sisto V decisivo, secondo una vulgata ampiamente diffusa, nell'eradicare il banditismo. Un approccio centrato sulle fonti documentarie permette di ridimensionare una visione manichea delle virtù e dei limiti dei due pontificati nel contenere il fenomeno del banditismo. Emerge, per esempio, come l'uccisione del prete da Guercino, avvenuta all'inizio del pontificato di Sisto V, fosse stata in realtà preparata da una capillare azione svolta nei confronti di una delle comunità che aveva dato riparo alla banda del Guercino, attraverso un processo svolto dal tribunale criminale del governatore di Roma ordinato con un breve di Gregorio XIII.
Un grande criminale e una giustizia “esemplare”: ascesa ed esecuzione del prete da Guercino
RENATO SANSA
2024-01-01
Abstract
The latter half of the 16th century was characterised by the proliferation of banditry, a phenomenon that even reached the boundaries of the Papal States. During this period, numerous bandit figures came to the fore, whose exploits were meticulously documented in the contemporary chronicles.The actions of one such figure, the Prete da Guercino, offer a unique lens into the underlying motivations and dynamics of social banditry, particularly with regard to their depiction. The prete da Guercino is known to have perpetrated his criminal activities primarily in the province of Marittima and Campagna, extending as far north as Rome on occasion. The modus operandi of his actions has frequently been intertwined with a narrative that is aimed, on the one hand, at discrediting the countermeasures that were put in place by Gregory XIII, and on the other, at emphasising the efficacy of Sixtus V's pontificate in eradicating banditry, according to a vulgate that has been widely disseminated. An approach centred on documentary sources makes it possible to reduce a Manichaean vision of the virtues and limitations of the two pontificates in combating the phenomenon of banditry. For instance, the assassination of the Prete da Guercino at the inception of Sixtus V's pontificate was in fact orchestrated by a concerted effort against a community that had provided sanctuary to the Guercino gang, as evidenced by a trial conducted by the criminal court of the governor of Rome at the behest of a brief from Gregory XIII.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.