Nonviolent political skepticism in the first half of the European twentieth century: Bertrand Russell, Karl Popper and Michael Oakeshott

In his analysis in Chapter 6, Spartaco Pupo highlights the importance of understanding the intellectual and philosophical foundations of nonviolence. He delves into the works of Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), Karl Popper (1902–1994), and Michael Oakeshott (1901–1990) to uncover the skeptical and antidogmatic philosophies that underpin their thinking, suggesting that these can provide a solid theoretical basis for advocating peaceful political discourse and action. Pupo challenges us to move beyond a surface-level appreciation of nonviolence and consider the deeper philosophical grounds that support it. By investigating the ideas of these three prominent European thinkers, he encourages us to reflect on the need for a nuanced understanding of nonviolent political thought. Russell, Popper, and Oakeshott each offer unique perspectives on skepticism and anti-dogmatism, which Pupo suggests can inform our approach to nonviolence. By engaging with their ideas, we can enrich our understanding of the complexities of peaceful political action and discourse.