TUTELA DELLA BIODIVERSITÀ E DIRITTO ALLA NUTRIZIONE: INTEGRAZIONE DI LIBERTÀ E SICUREZZA

The international community has consistently upheld the right to food and food security, yet despite an increase in per capita food availability, hunger remains an unresolved issue worldwide. The concept of food security, which emerged during key events such as the World Food Conference in 1974 and the Rome Summit in 1996, underscores the importance of nutrition for health and productivity. Addressing this issue does not require demonizing international trade; rather, it necessitates the development of common policies that promote sustainable food production. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has played a crucial role in advocating for food sovereignty and recognizing the right to food as fundamental; however, this alone is insufficient. It is essential to create conducive political and economic conditions to combat poverty and ensure equitable participation in the process of affirming this right. To concretely realize the right to food, individuals must become active agents of development, and States must consistently commit to meeting basic needs. Furthermore, food security should be viewed in connection with biodiversity and the protection of farmers’ rights, promoting the sustainable use of genetic resources and education for effective resource management.