The impact of environmental and climatic factors on archaeological sites: case study of the roman ruins of Lambaesis (north east Algeria)

Roman cities and military camps occupy an important place in the archaeological map of Algeria. These sites provided a focus for military activities and defence strategies, contributing to the assimilation o f the Roman mode of life and urban organisation in the region. One example is Lambaesis, a Roman military camp located 11km southeast of the city of Batna, in north eastern Algeria. Lambaesis provides valuable information about the daily life of Roman sold iers and their interactions with the local population. This study aims to determine the impact of environmental factors on the degradation of the Lambaesis site. As part of this study, field visits and in situ observations, as well as geo mapping, were car ried out to understand the impact of the geomorphological and hydro climatic context of the study area. The results show that soil erosion, the water drainage system and meteorological factors affect the site, reacting strongly to the environmental stress of the region. The results of this study contribute to the preservat ion and enhancement of Lambasis.