Management of Biodegradation of Cultural Heritage by Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). A Case Study: Roman’s Aqueduct Constantine, Algeria

Preserving cultural heritage is paramount for global civilizations, with Algeria's Roman architectural legacy serving as indelible proof of historical epochs, vividly illustrated by the majestic amphitheatres of Timgad and Djemila. Notably, the Roman’s Aqueduct in Constantine, Algeria, stands as a unique exemplar of Roman hydraulic architecture in North Africa. Designated a national monument, it contends with persistent threats of degradation stemming from climate change, pollution, and vandalism. To tackle these challenges, a comprehensive study employs cutting-edge Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology, generating an extensive 20 GB point cloud file comprising 830 million coloured points. This results in a meticulous 3D digital replica of the aqueduct. This innovative methodology assists cultural heritage professionals by providing meticulous documentation essential for restoration, renovation, and management initiatives, enabling in-depth analyses of the monument's structure, architecture, and historical significance. Furthermore, the TLS scan proves instrumental in identifying and monitoring biodegradation on the aqueduct stones, thereby contributing to ongoing assessments and the long-term management of bio-deterioration.