AI in the Network of Extended Reality-Enabled Laboratories for STEM Education: Current Applications and Future Potential for Adaptive Learning

Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration into the Network of Extended Reality-Enabled Laboratories (EXTENDABLE) is a game changer in the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. This novel and innovative framework utilizes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) to create immersive and adaptable environments that enable remote, hands-on experimentation. These laboratories enable inclusive and sustainable learning by overcoming key challenges such as socio-economic limitations, crowded classrooms and mobility restrictions due to the pandemic. AI boosts the effectiveness of these networks since it can improve real time interaction, adaptable learning pathways and effective laboratory management. Key applications include dynamic scheduling for laboratory resource allocation, intelligent tutoring systems, behavior observation utilizing digital twins, and AI driven 3D instrument reconstruction. This study explores current uses of AI in the eXtended Reality (XR) laboratory and its potential to improve STEM education through collaboration, initiative, and rapid feedback to students. The paper also discusses difficulties such as latency, data security and inclusiveness and presents AI driven solutions to these limitations. This overview would stimulate the research in the application of AI in enhancing XR laboratories to expand access to STEM education, improve learning outcomes, and promote lifelong interdisciplinary learning.