Black crusts are known to be one of the major damageforms affecting the built heritage in urban areas worldwide.In particular, when the substrate of monuments andbuildings is constituted by carbonatic rocks, its interaction withthe atmosphere gives rise to the formation of calciumsulphate, which forms the black crusts (AMOROSO & FASSINA1983; CAMUFFO et alii 1983; BRIMBLECOMBE et alii 1989;AUSSET et alii 1999). The dark color of these layers isgenerally related to the presence of carbonaceous particlesmostly resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbons.In this work, an integrated analytical approach hasbeen used, including conventional techniques (optical andscanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopictechniques) associated with a recently tested methodologicalapproach for the chemical characterization of black crusts, i.e.laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS).The study has been carried out on black crustsamples taken from the Corner Palace (Venice, Italy), locatedon the Canal Grande, opposite the Guggenheim Museum. ThePalace, dating back to the sixteenth century, was designed forthe rich and influential Cornaro family by Jacopo Sansovino,the architect responsible of the renovation of the entire city inthat period.The predominant building material of the Palace is theIstrian stone, a compact ivory limestone coming from animportant quarrying area lying in the north-eastern part of Italy,between Trieste and Monfalcone.Three samples of black crusts were collected at different height on the Palace façade: 1) CV5 at about 25 m from theground level; 2) CV8 at 15 m; 3) CV12 at 5 m.Through the utilization of LA-ICPMS (BARCA et alii 2010,2011), the study aims at a dual purpose: (a) to evaluate thedegree of contamination of the examined stone (by determiningthe variability of trace element concentrations from unalteredsubstrate to black crust), according to climatic conditions,atmospheric pollution and exposure to wash-out; b) to definethe outdoor conditions of the examined monument through ageochemical characterization
Potentialities of spectrometric analysis for the evaluation of pollution impact in deteriorating stone heritage materials
BARCA, Donatella;CRISCI, Gino Mirocle;LA RUSSA, Mauro Francesco;
2012-01-01
Abstract
Black crusts are known to be one of the major damageforms affecting the built heritage in urban areas worldwide.In particular, when the substrate of monuments andbuildings is constituted by carbonatic rocks, its interaction withthe atmosphere gives rise to the formation of calciumsulphate, which forms the black crusts (AMOROSO & FASSINA1983; CAMUFFO et alii 1983; BRIMBLECOMBE et alii 1989;AUSSET et alii 1999). The dark color of these layers isgenerally related to the presence of carbonaceous particlesmostly resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbons.In this work, an integrated analytical approach hasbeen used, including conventional techniques (optical andscanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopictechniques) associated with a recently tested methodologicalapproach for the chemical characterization of black crusts, i.e.laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS).The study has been carried out on black crustsamples taken from the Corner Palace (Venice, Italy), locatedon the Canal Grande, opposite the Guggenheim Museum. ThePalace, dating back to the sixteenth century, was designed forthe rich and influential Cornaro family by Jacopo Sansovino,the architect responsible of the renovation of the entire city inthat period.The predominant building material of the Palace is theIstrian stone, a compact ivory limestone coming from animportant quarrying area lying in the north-eastern part of Italy,between Trieste and Monfalcone.Three samples of black crusts were collected at different height on the Palace façade: 1) CV5 at about 25 m from theground level; 2) CV8 at 15 m; 3) CV12 at 5 m.Through the utilization of LA-ICPMS (BARCA et alii 2010,2011), the study aims at a dual purpose: (a) to evaluate thedegree of contamination of the examined stone (by determiningthe variability of trace element concentrations from unalteredsubstrate to black crust), according to climatic conditions,atmospheric pollution and exposure to wash-out; b) to definethe outdoor conditions of the examined monument through ageochemical characterizationI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
