The strategic outsourcing, by transferring some of the organization's internal activities/processes (core and non-core) to outside providers (as set forth in a contract), provides many advantage to firms. Among others: focus internal resources on core competencies; availability of provider’s expertise, skills and technologies not otherwise available; sharing investments and then splitting the risks; turn fixed costs into variable costs and, hence, flexibility of costs structure and availability of financial resources for development of core business; and so on. Therefore, outsourcing may be an appropriate organizational strategy to enhance the competitive strength of firms. However, outsourcing is not a solution to solve all competitiveness problems of the firms and there are no predefined formulas to determine the appropriateness of this strategy and to identify which activities/processes to outsource. Evaluations must be done on a case by case basis, taking into account the specific managerial characteristics of each firm; the firm's specific culture, the type of relationships that are established inside and outside the organization, the quality of resources. Clearly, an outsourcing strategy implementation must be preventively supported also by the analysis of its potential risks as well as by the study of managerial and organizational implications that the choice involves. As regards this, to avoid to obtain unsatisfactory results it is necessary that the strategic reasons dominate over those tactical because the excessive emphasis on the short-term objectives or on simple cost savings often conducts to results lower, than expected. Considering this, the article, after having analyzed the advantages and the risks of the outsourcing strategies, deepens the analysis of the economic utility of these strategies with particular reference to the impact on the operational and managerial risk of the outsourcee. It suggests that the decision-making process concerning the selection of which activities have to be produced internally and which one have to be outsourced should not be based solely on economic assessment and, therefore, on the cost savings, but it should consider the consequent strategic impact and assess, with weighting, the corresponding risks. The choice to share with other partners activities, functions and productive processes requires, in fact, a strategic re-orientation of investments, skills and internal boundaries of the firm, which must be supported by a clear identification of objectives and the evaluation of all the possible effects that the reconfiguration of the value chain, resulting from this strategic choice, exercise not only on the level and dynamics of the costs and revenues but also on financial flows, on operational and organizational structure, on management, administration and government processes of each business unit, on the balance sheet and intangible capital of the firms involved.
L'outsourcing strategico, attraverso il trasferimento di alcune attività interne dell'organizzazione / processi (core e non-core) a fornitori esterni (come definito in un contratto), offre numerosi vantaggi alle imprese; tra gli altri: focalizzazione delle risorse interne sulle competenze chiave; disponibilità di competenze, capacità e tecnologie del provider non altrimenti disponibili; condivisione degli investimenti e quindi frazionamento dei rischi; trasformazione dei costi fissi in costi variabili e, quindi, la flessibilità della struttura dei costi e la disponibilità di risorse finanziarie per lo sviluppo del core business, e così via. Pertanto, l'outsourcing può essere una strategia organizzativa in grado di migliorare la forza competitiva delle imprese. Tuttavia, l'outsourcing non è una soluzione per risolvere tutti i problemi di competitività delle imprese e non ci sono formule predefinite per determinare l'adeguatezza di questa strategia e per individuare quali attività / processi esternalizzare. Le valutazioni deve essere effettuate caso per caso, tenendo conto delle caratteristiche peculiari della gestione di ciascuna impresa, della specifica cultura aziendale, del tipo di rapporti che si sono instaurate all'interno e all'esterno dell'organizzazione, della qualità delle risorse. Chiaramente, una implementazione della strategia di outsourcing deve essere preventivamente supportata anche dalla analisi dei suoi potenziali rischi nonché dallo studio delle implicazioni manageriali e organizzative che la scelta comporta. Per quanto riguarda questo, per evitare di ottenere risultati soddisfacenti è necessario che le ragioni strategiche prevalgano su quelle tattiche perché l'eccessiva enfasi sugli obiettivi a breve termine o su semplici risparmi di costi conduce spesso a risultati al di sotto delle aspettative. Considerando questo, l'articolo, dopo aver analizzato i vantaggi ei rischi delle strategie di outsourcing, approfondisce l'analisi di convenienza economica di tali strategie, con particolare riferimento all'impatto sul rischio operativo e gestionale dell’outsourcee. Esso suggerisce che il processo decisionale relativo alla scelta di quali attività realizzare internamente e quali affidare in outsourcing non dovrebbe essere basato unicamente sulla valutazione economica e, quindi, sulla riduzione dei costi, ma dovrebbe considerare il conseguente impatto strategico e valutare, con ponderazione, i rischi corrispondenti. La scelta di condividere con altri partner attività, funzioni e processi produttivi richiede, infatti, un ri-orientamento strategico degli investimenti, delle competenze e dei confini interni dell'impresa, che deve essere supportata da una chiara identificazione degli obiettivi e dalla valutazione di tutte i possibili effetti che la riconfigurazione della catena del valore, frutto di questa scelta strategica, esercita non solo sul livello e la dinamica dei costi e dei ricavi, ma anche sui flussi finanziari, sulla struttura operativa e organizzativa, sui processi gestionali, amministrativi e di governo di ogni unità aziendale, sulla struttura patrimoniale e sul patrimonio intangibile delle aziende coinvolte.
L'outsourcing strategico. Vantaggi, rischi ed effetti sugli equilibri di gestione
PASTORE, Patrizia
2011-01-01
Abstract
The strategic outsourcing, by transferring some of the organization's internal activities/processes (core and non-core) to outside providers (as set forth in a contract), provides many advantage to firms. Among others: focus internal resources on core competencies; availability of provider’s expertise, skills and technologies not otherwise available; sharing investments and then splitting the risks; turn fixed costs into variable costs and, hence, flexibility of costs structure and availability of financial resources for development of core business; and so on. Therefore, outsourcing may be an appropriate organizational strategy to enhance the competitive strength of firms. However, outsourcing is not a solution to solve all competitiveness problems of the firms and there are no predefined formulas to determine the appropriateness of this strategy and to identify which activities/processes to outsource. Evaluations must be done on a case by case basis, taking into account the specific managerial characteristics of each firm; the firm's specific culture, the type of relationships that are established inside and outside the organization, the quality of resources. Clearly, an outsourcing strategy implementation must be preventively supported also by the analysis of its potential risks as well as by the study of managerial and organizational implications that the choice involves. As regards this, to avoid to obtain unsatisfactory results it is necessary that the strategic reasons dominate over those tactical because the excessive emphasis on the short-term objectives or on simple cost savings often conducts to results lower, than expected. Considering this, the article, after having analyzed the advantages and the risks of the outsourcing strategies, deepens the analysis of the economic utility of these strategies with particular reference to the impact on the operational and managerial risk of the outsourcee. It suggests that the decision-making process concerning the selection of which activities have to be produced internally and which one have to be outsourced should not be based solely on economic assessment and, therefore, on the cost savings, but it should consider the consequent strategic impact and assess, with weighting, the corresponding risks. The choice to share with other partners activities, functions and productive processes requires, in fact, a strategic re-orientation of investments, skills and internal boundaries of the firm, which must be supported by a clear identification of objectives and the evaluation of all the possible effects that the reconfiguration of the value chain, resulting from this strategic choice, exercise not only on the level and dynamics of the costs and revenues but also on financial flows, on operational and organizational structure, on management, administration and government processes of each business unit, on the balance sheet and intangible capital of the firms involved.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.