The detailed study of the geomorphological characteristics of the territory of Polistena – Cinquefrondi (RC), through direct survey and the analysis of aerial photographs and satellite and SAR images, has allowed the recognition of typologies of gravitative deformations due to special lithological, structural and topographic conditions of the area, for the most part induced by sand liquefaction phenomena produced by the “Calabrie” earthquake of 5-6 February 1783. This had its epicentral area to the north of the Aspromonte massif also embracing the Gioia Tauro Plain, in which the studied territories in this paper fall. The geological and geotechnical results obtained are useful a posteriori indicators of the seismotectonic activities of the territory, in other words of a geomorphogenetic crisis caused by seism. All this enable us still today, more than 200 years later, to have a clear picture of the dramatic nature of that earthquake, among the most catastrophic ever to have hit Calabria in historical times, following which half of the flourishing towns were dragged to the valley by landslides and razed to the ground, with more than 31,000 victims. The most striking effects of that quake were the deep gravitative deformations of the study area and the massive landslides, prevalently of the earth-block slide type, with horizontal shifts of up to 500 - 700 m, separation of unitary terrace strips up to 4 km long, up to 1 km wide and up to more than 0.2 km deep, with trenches upslope of up to 0.350 km and lateral shifting of river beds of up to 0.14 km. Finally, the present state of the territory has been characterised in the context of evaluating its behaviour when an earthquake occurs, to verify the current degree of danger regarding sand liquefaction. Keywords: earthquake, seismic geomorphology, landslides, liquefaction, deep seated gravitational slope deformations.
Lo studio dettagliato delle caratteristiche geomorfologiche dei territori di Polistena – Cinquefrondi (RC), attraverso osservazioni di campagna e l’analisi di immagini telerilevate, quali le foto aeree e quelle da satellite e SAR, ha consentito di riconoscere tipologie di deformazioni gravitative dovute alle particolari condizioni litologiche, strutturali e topografiche dell’area, per la gran parte indotte da fenomeni di liquefazione delle sabbie, prodotti dal “terremoto delle Calabrie” del 5-6 febbraio del 1783. Questo ebbe l’area epicentrale a nord del massiccio dell’Aspromonte comprendente la piana di Gioia Tauro, nella quale ricadono i territori esaminati nel presente lavoro. I risultati geologici e geotecnici ottenuti sono utili indicatori a posteriori dell’attività sismotettonica del territorio ovvero di una crisi geomorfogenetica da sisma e consentono di avere ancora oggi, a distanza di poco più di 200 anni, un quadro della drammaticità di questo terremoto, tra i più catastrofici che abbiano colpito la Calabria in tempi storici, a seguito del quale metà dei fiorenti centri urbani furono trascinati a valle da frane e rasi al suolo, con più di 31.000 vittime. Gli effetti più vistosi di quel sisma sono state le deformazioni gravitative profonde del territorio esaminato e le imponenti frane, in prevalenza del tipo earth-block slide, con spostamenti orizzontali fino a 500 - 700 m, distacchi di strisce unitarie di terrazzi lunghe fino a 4 km, larghe fino a 1 km e spesse fino a più di 0.2 km, con trench a monte fino a 0.350 km e spostamenti laterali d’alveo fino a 0.14 km. è stato caratterizzato, infine, lo stato attuale del terreno al fine di valutarne il comportamento in presenza di sisma, verificando il grado attuale di pericolosità rispetto alla liquefazione. Parole Chiave: terremoto, geomorfologia sismica, frane, liquefazione, deformazioni gravitative profonde di versante.
Deformazioni gravitative profonde di versante e frane da liquefazione indotte nel territorio di Polistena-Cinquefrondi dal terremoto delle Calabrie del 1783
PONTE, MAURIZIO
2008-01-01
Abstract
The detailed study of the geomorphological characteristics of the territory of Polistena – Cinquefrondi (RC), through direct survey and the analysis of aerial photographs and satellite and SAR images, has allowed the recognition of typologies of gravitative deformations due to special lithological, structural and topographic conditions of the area, for the most part induced by sand liquefaction phenomena produced by the “Calabrie” earthquake of 5-6 February 1783. This had its epicentral area to the north of the Aspromonte massif also embracing the Gioia Tauro Plain, in which the studied territories in this paper fall. The geological and geotechnical results obtained are useful a posteriori indicators of the seismotectonic activities of the territory, in other words of a geomorphogenetic crisis caused by seism. All this enable us still today, more than 200 years later, to have a clear picture of the dramatic nature of that earthquake, among the most catastrophic ever to have hit Calabria in historical times, following which half of the flourishing towns were dragged to the valley by landslides and razed to the ground, with more than 31,000 victims. The most striking effects of that quake were the deep gravitative deformations of the study area and the massive landslides, prevalently of the earth-block slide type, with horizontal shifts of up to 500 - 700 m, separation of unitary terrace strips up to 4 km long, up to 1 km wide and up to more than 0.2 km deep, with trenches upslope of up to 0.350 km and lateral shifting of river beds of up to 0.14 km. Finally, the present state of the territory has been characterised in the context of evaluating its behaviour when an earthquake occurs, to verify the current degree of danger regarding sand liquefaction. Keywords: earthquake, seismic geomorphology, landslides, liquefaction, deep seated gravitational slope deformations.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.