This paper focuses on modern critical reception of Mark Antony the triumvir from the point of view of his rhetorical ability. Theatrical literature has created Antony as dramatic character within texts focused on the Ides of March, starting from the French tragedy La mort de César of Jacques Grévin (1558). In his Julius Caesar William Shakespeare reshapes the character of Mark Antony as orator in the light of the ancient sources (not only Plutarch, but also Appian). But the funeral scene, that in Julius Caesaris characterized by Brutus’s and Antony’s speeches to “Plebeians” (III 2), doesn't always occur within the pattern of the “caesarian” tragedies. This paper takes into consideration the Italian tragedies of the XVIII century: they present the common feature of a “lack” of the Caesar’s funeral as well as of the Antony’s funeral oration. This is the case of the tragedies of Antonio Conti (1677- 1749) and Pietro Chiari (1712- 1785), both named Giulio Cesare. Even if Conti and Chiari conceive the tragedy in a very different way – Conti supports tragedy inspired by historical truth, Chiari aims to please the public and fills his tragic plot with strokes and intrigue – their caesarian tragedies share the lack of the Antony’s eulogy for Caesar. In Conti’s drama Antony makes the account of the assassination of Caesar, that is not shown on stage, and takes the oratory function of “Nunzio” of the ancient tragedy. In Chiari’s Giulio Cesare Antony is eloquent and persuasive towards Caesar “in life” and his rhetorical praise aims to make appeal to Caesar’s conventional virtue, clemency. This common feature of the Italian tragedy about the Ides of March (starting from the Cesare of Orlando Pescetti, 1594, until the tragedy Bruto secondo of Vittorio Alfieri, 1787) marks a detachment from the French model of tragedy, so important for Italian dramatists of XVIII century, like La Mort de César (1731) written by Voltaire, in which to the funeral oration is given emphasis in the end of the drama's script
Il contributo analizza il personaggio di Marco Antonio il triumviro dal punto di vista del suo profilo oratorio nella drammaturgia italiana del XVIII secolo. Il risalto che Shakespeare aveva conferito all'eloquenza di Marco Antonio, nella scena del funerale di Cesare posta al centro del Julius Caesar, si configura come un'innovativa interpretazione delle fonti antiche sull'argomento (Cicerone, Quintiliano, Plutarco, Appiano, Svetonio). La scena dei funerali di Cesare trova uno spazio intermittente nella drammaturgia del cesaricidio : presente in quella francese, viene omessa nelle tragedie italiane. Il contributo esamina in particolare le tragedie di Antonio Conti (1677- 1749) e di Pietro Chiari (1712-1785), entrambe intitolate Giulio Cesare. Conti e Chiari, che esemplificano due concezioni del teatro divergenti – la tragedia come racconto rigorosamente storico e “vero” per Conti, la tragedia come spettacolo che mira a intrattenere il pubblico per Chiari –,condividono la costruzione del personaggio di Marco Antonio secondo un profilo oratorio depotenziato. Nel Giulio Cesare di Conti Marco Antonio interviene, in epilogo, per descrivere il cesaricidio consumatosi “fuori scena”, assumendo una funzione accostabile al ruolo del “nunzio” della tragedia classica. Nel Giulio Cesare di Chiari il personaggio di Antonio esprime un'eloquenza persuasiva destinata al solo Cesare di cui sollecita la clemenza, tramite l'impiego di topoi elogiativi attinti ai testi ciceroniani. I due autori omettono la scena del funerale di Cesare, distaccandosi dalla tragediografia francese che, nelle versioni di XVI e XVII secolo (Jacques Grévin, George de Scudéry) e soprattutto nella pièce La Mort de César di Voltaire (1731), riservava all'orazione funebre di Antonio l'evidenza dell'epilogo dell'azione tragica.
Niente orazione funebre per Cesare: l'eloquenza di Marco Antonio nello spazio scenico della tragedia italiana del XVIII secolo
ROMEO Alessandra
2017-01-01
Abstract
This paper focuses on modern critical reception of Mark Antony the triumvir from the point of view of his rhetorical ability. Theatrical literature has created Antony as dramatic character within texts focused on the Ides of March, starting from the French tragedy La mort de César of Jacques Grévin (1558). In his Julius Caesar William Shakespeare reshapes the character of Mark Antony as orator in the light of the ancient sources (not only Plutarch, but also Appian). But the funeral scene, that in Julius Caesaris characterized by Brutus’s and Antony’s speeches to “Plebeians” (III 2), doesn't always occur within the pattern of the “caesarian” tragedies. This paper takes into consideration the Italian tragedies of the XVIII century: they present the common feature of a “lack” of the Caesar’s funeral as well as of the Antony’s funeral oration. This is the case of the tragedies of Antonio Conti (1677- 1749) and Pietro Chiari (1712- 1785), both named Giulio Cesare. Even if Conti and Chiari conceive the tragedy in a very different way – Conti supports tragedy inspired by historical truth, Chiari aims to please the public and fills his tragic plot with strokes and intrigue – their caesarian tragedies share the lack of the Antony’s eulogy for Caesar. In Conti’s drama Antony makes the account of the assassination of Caesar, that is not shown on stage, and takes the oratory function of “Nunzio” of the ancient tragedy. In Chiari’s Giulio Cesare Antony is eloquent and persuasive towards Caesar “in life” and his rhetorical praise aims to make appeal to Caesar’s conventional virtue, clemency. This common feature of the Italian tragedy about the Ides of March (starting from the Cesare of Orlando Pescetti, 1594, until the tragedy Bruto secondo of Vittorio Alfieri, 1787) marks a detachment from the French model of tragedy, so important for Italian dramatists of XVIII century, like La Mort de César (1731) written by Voltaire, in which to the funeral oration is given emphasis in the end of the drama's scriptI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.