“Il regionalismo italiano nel vortice autonomistico della differenziazione: l’“asimmetria sperimentale” tra integrazione e conflitti”

The paper analyzes the asymmetry clause governed by art. 116. 3 Cost., introduced by the 2001 reform of Title V of Constitution but so far ‘sleeper’ as to the implementation. After a comparative framework concerning the ‘state of health’ of the federo-regionalism in Europe and outlined a ‘general context’ within which the analysis is carried out – from the ‘centralization’ of the economic crisis to the trend towards an “asymmetric autonomy” in the current phase – we outline the main features of the asymmetry clause declined as a dispositive asymmetry connected to the recognition of a diversity ‘efficiency-functional’. Starting from the three regional ‘pilot’ initiatives, characterized by different inputs, objectives and procedures, and by the ‘uniformizing’ intervention of the Preliminary Agreements, we analyze the opportunities and risks related to the implementation of the asymmetric regionalism in a system marked by deep territorial gaps and devoid of the “culture of autonomy”, as a material constitution of regionalism.