After analyzing the origins of the in dubio pro reo in the Roman law and in the barbarian one under the aspect of the in melius interpretation, the paper pauses on the benignior interpretatio in the medieval canon law, useful to save the judge from sin, providing that he would have resolved doubt on the law in favor of the defendant. Then, the research pauses on the interpretatio benevola in the moral theology of the probabilism of the modern age, taking advantage of the thought of Sant’Alfonso de’ Liguori and the blessed Antonio Rosmini. The attention focuses on the developments of probabilism, which aimed to achieve a balance between laxity, according to which every doubt was significant to release the human being from every moral bond, and tutiorism, which was too strict when denied relevance to the ‘reasonable’ different opinions, in order to legal matters as well. The paper, therefore, examines the effects of the interpretatio benigna in the canon law codes, from 1970 to that one of 1983, without disregarding the CCEO of 1190, which, more careful to ancient canons, kept the original formula «in poenis benignior est interpretatio facienda». The conclusions rely on the comparison with the Italian criminal law system, which, under this perspective, does not seem characterized by conditions of sufficient ‘maturity’ and ‘serenity’ to emulate the principles on the stricta interpretatio of the penal canon law which, despite their antiquity, keep exceptional modernity.
Dopo aver indagato le origini e le alterne fortune del principio dell’in dubio pro reo tra il diritto romano e quello barbarico sotto il peculiare profilo dell’interpretazione in melius, il lavoro si sofferma sulla benignior interpretatio nella canonistica medioevale, utile a preservare l’anima del giudice dal peccato a condizione che nel condannare avesse sciolto il dubbio sulla legge a favore dell’imputato. La ricerca poi si sofferma sull’interpretatio benevola nella teologia morale del probabilismo dell’età moderna, avvalendosi in particolare del pensiero di Sant’Alfonso de’ Liguori e del beato Antonio Rosmini. L’attenzione è volta agli sviluppi del probabilismo che anche con riferimento alle questioni di diritto tendeva a raggiungere un bilanciamento tra un lassismo volto a dare rilievo a qualsiasi minimo dubbio capace di liberare l’uomo da ogni legame morale, e un tuziorismo che risultava troppo rigoroso nel momento in cui negava rilevanza alle ‘ragionevoli’ opinioni diverse. L’articolo, quindi, dà conto delle ricadute dell’interpretatio benigna nelle codificazioni canoniche, da quella del 1917 a quella del 1983, senza trascurare il CCEO del 1990 che, più attento a richiamare gli antichi canoni, ha mantenuto l’originaria formula «in poenis benignior est interpretatio facienda». Le conclusioni sono affidate alla comparazione col sistema penale italiano che, sotto quest’angolazione, non sembra presentare condizioni di sufficiente ‘maturità’ e ‘serenità’ per emulare i princìpi in tema di stricta interpretatio rinvenienti nel sistema penale canonico, luogo di sedimentazione d’imprescindibili canoni ermeneutici che, a dispetto della loro vetustà, conservano un’estrema modernità.
La benignior interpretatio nel diritto penale canonico. Profili storici e comparati
mario caterini
2021-01-01
Abstract
After analyzing the origins of the in dubio pro reo in the Roman law and in the barbarian one under the aspect of the in melius interpretation, the paper pauses on the benignior interpretatio in the medieval canon law, useful to save the judge from sin, providing that he would have resolved doubt on the law in favor of the defendant. Then, the research pauses on the interpretatio benevola in the moral theology of the probabilism of the modern age, taking advantage of the thought of Sant’Alfonso de’ Liguori and the blessed Antonio Rosmini. The attention focuses on the developments of probabilism, which aimed to achieve a balance between laxity, according to which every doubt was significant to release the human being from every moral bond, and tutiorism, which was too strict when denied relevance to the ‘reasonable’ different opinions, in order to legal matters as well. The paper, therefore, examines the effects of the interpretatio benigna in the canon law codes, from 1970 to that one of 1983, without disregarding the CCEO of 1190, which, more careful to ancient canons, kept the original formula «in poenis benignior est interpretatio facienda». The conclusions rely on the comparison with the Italian criminal law system, which, under this perspective, does not seem characterized by conditions of sufficient ‘maturity’ and ‘serenity’ to emulate the principles on the stricta interpretatio of the penal canon law which, despite their antiquity, keep exceptional modernity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.