A linearly polarized photon can be quantized from the Lorentz-boostedelectromagnetic field of a nucleus traveling at ultra-relativistic speed. Whentwo relativistic heavy nuclei pass one another at a distance of a few nuclearradii, the photon from one nucleus may interact through a virtualquark-antiquark pair with gluons from the other nucleus forming a short-livedvector meson (e.g. ${\rho^0}$). In this experiment, the polarization wasutilized in diffractive photoproduction to observe a unique spin interferencepattern in the angular distribution of ${\rho^0\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-}$ decays.The observed interference is a result of an overlap of two wave functions at adistance an order of magnitude larger than the ${\rho^0}$ travel distancewithin its lifetime. The strong-interaction nuclear radii were extracted fromthese diffractive interactions, and found to be $6.53\pm 0.06$ fm ($^{197} {\rmAu }$) and $7.29\pm 0.08$ fm ($^{238} {\rm U}$), larger than the nuclear chargeradii. The observable is demonstrated to be sensitive to the nuclear geometryand quantum interference of non-identical particles.

Tomography of Ultra-relativistic Nuclei with Polarized Photon-gluon Collisions

S. Fazio;
2023-01-01

Abstract

A linearly polarized photon can be quantized from the Lorentz-boostedelectromagnetic field of a nucleus traveling at ultra-relativistic speed. Whentwo relativistic heavy nuclei pass one another at a distance of a few nuclearradii, the photon from one nucleus may interact through a virtualquark-antiquark pair with gluons from the other nucleus forming a short-livedvector meson (e.g. ${\rho^0}$). In this experiment, the polarization wasutilized in diffractive photoproduction to observe a unique spin interferencepattern in the angular distribution of ${\rho^0\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-}$ decays.The observed interference is a result of an overlap of two wave functions at adistance an order of magnitude larger than the ${\rho^0}$ travel distancewithin its lifetime. The strong-interaction nuclear radii were extracted fromthese diffractive interactions, and found to be $6.53\pm 0.06$ fm ($^{197} {\rmAu }$) and $7.29\pm 0.08$ fm ($^{238} {\rm U}$), larger than the nuclear chargeradii. The observable is demonstrated to be sensitive to the nuclear geometryand quantum interference of non-identical particles.
2023
Nuclear Experiment
Nuclear Experiment
Nuclear Theory
Quantum Physics
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11770/343303
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