ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of plasma supported by multivariate analysis discriminates multiple sclerosis disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases showing various symptoms both of physical and cognitive type. In this work, we used attenuated total refection Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze plasma samples for discriminating MS patients from healthy control individuals, and identifying potential spectral biomarkers helping the diagnosis through a quick non-invasive blood test. The cohort of the study consists of 85 subjects, including 45 MS patients and 40 healthy controls. The diferences in the spectral features both in the fngerprint region (1800–900 ­cm−1) and in the high region (3050–2800 ­cm−1) of the infrared spectra were highlighted also with the support of diferent chemometric methods, to capture the most signifcant wavenumbers for the diferentiation. The results show an increase in the lipid/protein ratio in MS patients, indicating changes in the level (metabolism) of these molecular components in the plasma. Moreover, the multivariate tools provided a promising rate of success in the diagnosis, with 78% sensitivity and 83% specifcity obtained through the random forest model in the fngerprint region. The MS diagnostic tools based on biomarkers identifcation on blood (and blood component, like plasma or serum) are very challenging and the specifcity and sensitivity values obtained in this work are very encouraging. Overall, the results obtained suggest that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy on plasma samples, requiring minimal or no manipulation, coupled with statistical multivariate approaches, is a promising analytical tool to support MS diagnosis through the identifcation of spectral biomarkers.