Sir Orpheus is a Middle English lai whose content belongs to the so-called 'Matter of Rome', a series of motives based on classical myths and legends that spread in France in the 12th century and in the following century also in England. Before its redaction in the form of a romance, the Orpheus legend had circulated throughout the island via the works of Virgil, Ovid and Boethius, texts that were extensively studied and interpreted by medieval readers. Because of its ethical and philosophical teaching, Boethius' De Consolatione Philosophiae became one of the most influential manuals of literature in medieval Europe and it was also among the first Latin texts to be translated into the vernacular during the kingdom of the English king Alfred the Great. Boethius had narrated the Orpheus myth, attributing to it a moralitas that medieval authors largely shared. However, the composer of Sir Orfeo deviated from this line of interpretations by revisiting and modernising the myth. The story, enriched with typically Anglo-Saxon and Celtic folkloric traits, presents Orfeo as a chivalric character who rescues his lady Heurodis by carrying her away from the kingdom of the afterlife. The aim of this work is to highlight how the English composer was able to actualise the elegiac theme regarding the loss of the beloved wife through the courtly model of love and fidelity, providing at the end an original version of the myth with a lyrical and popular register suitable to the tastes of his audience.
Sir Orfeo è un lai Medio Inglese il cui contenuto appartiene alla cosiddetta ‘Materia di Roma’, una serie di motivi che si rifanno a miti e storie dell’età classica e che si diffuse in Francia nel XII secolo e nel secolo successivo anche in Inghilterra. Prima della sua stesura sotto forma di romanzo, la leggenda di Orfeo era stata trasmessa sull’isola attraverso le opere di Virgilio, Ovidio e Boezio, testi ampiamente studiati e commentati dai lettori medievali. La grande ricezione del De Consolatione Philosophiae di Boezio e del suo insegnamento etico e filosofico, lo resero tra i manuali più influenti sulla letteratura medievale europea e inglese, nonché tra i primi a essere tradotto in volgare già nel IX secolo sotto il regno di Alfredo il Grande. Boezio aveva raccontato il mito di Orfeo attribuendogli una moralitas che evidentemente non sfuggì agli autori medievali inglesi. Tuttavia il compositore del Sir Orfeo sembra essersi distaccato da questo filone di interpretazioni attualizzando e rivisitando il mito. La storia di Sir Orfeo, arricchita di elementi folclorici tipicamente anglosassoni e celtici, che nulla hanno in comune con il mito classico, presenta Orfeo come un personaggio cavalleresco che salva la propria dama Heurodis portandola via dal regno dei morti. Lo scopo di questo lavoro sarà quello di evidenziare come il compositore inglese abbia saputo attualizzare l’elemento elegiaco della perdita dell’amata attraverso il modello contemporaneo del tema dell’amore e della fedeltà della coppia visti nel contesto cortese, consegnando alla fine una riscrittura originale e dal registro popolareggiante adatta per rispondere ai gusti ameni del suo pubblico.
Il Sir Orfeo medio inglese: dal mito classico alla nuova visione dell’amore cortese
Donata BULOTTA
2022-01-01
Abstract
Sir Orpheus is a Middle English lai whose content belongs to the so-called 'Matter of Rome', a series of motives based on classical myths and legends that spread in France in the 12th century and in the following century also in England. Before its redaction in the form of a romance, the Orpheus legend had circulated throughout the island via the works of Virgil, Ovid and Boethius, texts that were extensively studied and interpreted by medieval readers. Because of its ethical and philosophical teaching, Boethius' De Consolatione Philosophiae became one of the most influential manuals of literature in medieval Europe and it was also among the first Latin texts to be translated into the vernacular during the kingdom of the English king Alfred the Great. Boethius had narrated the Orpheus myth, attributing to it a moralitas that medieval authors largely shared. However, the composer of Sir Orfeo deviated from this line of interpretations by revisiting and modernising the myth. The story, enriched with typically Anglo-Saxon and Celtic folkloric traits, presents Orfeo as a chivalric character who rescues his lady Heurodis by carrying her away from the kingdom of the afterlife. The aim of this work is to highlight how the English composer was able to actualise the elegiac theme regarding the loss of the beloved wife through the courtly model of love and fidelity, providing at the end an original version of the myth with a lyrical and popular register suitable to the tastes of his audience.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.