Taking its cue from the court case involving the anarchist Cospito, the work compares the crimes of ‘political’ massacre (art. 285 of the Criminal Code) and ‘common’ massacre (art. 422 of the Criminal Code), questioning – through the principles of offensiveness and proportionality without neglecting the reeducational purpose of punishment – the legitimacy of the first case, with a markedly authoritarian imprint, having a punitive treatment – in the case where the conduct didn’t produce any victim – much more serious (life imprisonment) than that provided for the first one (imprisonment of not less than 15 years), despite the fact that the same cases are the same on objective and subjective levels, diverging only in the end-motive represented in the ‘political’ massacre by the purpose of compromising state security. The research, therefore, having examined the issue of differential subspecific intent, inclines toward its objectified declination based on the suitability of the conduct to achieve the end targeted, and comes to the conclusion, through the model of the interpretation favorable to the defendant, that in the presence of a reasonable interpretive doubt, as in the present case, the same must be dissolved in favor of the less serious case, namely the ‘common’ massacre.
Prendendo l’abbrivio dalla vicenda processuale che ha visto protagonista l’anarchico Cospito, il lavoro mette a confronto i delitti di strage ‘politica’ (art. 285 c.p.) e di strage ‘comune’ (art. 422 c.p.), ponendo in discussione – attraverso i princìpi di offensività e di proporzione senza trascurare la finalità rieducativa della pena – la legittimità della prima fattispecie, d’impronta marcatamente autoritaria, avente un trattamento sanzionatorio – nel caso in cui la condotta non abbia prodotto alcuna vittima – molto più grave (ergastolo) di quello previsto per la prima (reclusione non inferiore a 15 anni), nonostante le stesse fattispecie siano medesime sul piano oggettivo e soggettivo, divergendo solo per il fine-motivo rappresentato nella strage ‘politica’ dallo scopo di compromettere la sicurezza dello Stato. La ricerca, quindi, esaminata la questione del dolo sub-specifico differenziale, propende per una sua declinazione oggettivata basata sull’idoneità della condotta a raggiungere il fine avuto di mira, e giunge alla conclusione, attraverso il modello dell’interpretazione favorevole all’imputato, che in presenza di un ragionevole dubbio interpretativo, come nel caso di specie, lo stesso deve essere sciolto a favore della fattispecie meno grave, ossia la strage ‘comune’.
Strage ‘comune’ e strage ‘politica’ alla prova dei princìpi di un sistema penale costituzionalmente orientato. Riflessioni ‘ingenue’ intorno al caso Cospito
Morena Gallo
2023-01-01
Abstract
Taking its cue from the court case involving the anarchist Cospito, the work compares the crimes of ‘political’ massacre (art. 285 of the Criminal Code) and ‘common’ massacre (art. 422 of the Criminal Code), questioning – through the principles of offensiveness and proportionality without neglecting the reeducational purpose of punishment – the legitimacy of the first case, with a markedly authoritarian imprint, having a punitive treatment – in the case where the conduct didn’t produce any victim – much more serious (life imprisonment) than that provided for the first one (imprisonment of not less than 15 years), despite the fact that the same cases are the same on objective and subjective levels, diverging only in the end-motive represented in the ‘political’ massacre by the purpose of compromising state security. The research, therefore, having examined the issue of differential subspecific intent, inclines toward its objectified declination based on the suitability of the conduct to achieve the end targeted, and comes to the conclusion, through the model of the interpretation favorable to the defendant, that in the presence of a reasonable interpretive doubt, as in the present case, the same must be dissolved in favor of the less serious case, namely the ‘common’ massacre.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.