This work presents a novel method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in saliva samples using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS). The protocol utilizes the latest commercially available overcoated fiber (PDMS/DVB/PDMS) for direct immersion extraction of the target analytes, enabling the determination of thirteen PAHs, including low-volatile compounds. The SPME extraction method was optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The evaluation of the fiber coating's robustness over time demonstrated excellent extraction performance with no significant degradation. The validation procedure confirmed good performance for all parameters, with LOQ values (100 ng/L for ten analytes and 500 ng/L for three analytes) comparable to other chromatographic methods. The environmental impact of the protocol was objectively assessed using two recently proposed metrics: the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and the Analytical Greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep). Both metrics indicated good overall environmental friendliness, with AGREEprep providing a satisfactory comprehensive score despite the use of highly impactful instrumentation. These characteristics make the developed method suitable for routine analysis in environmental and epidemiological monitoring.

A direct immersion-solid-phase microextraction method for the automated determination of 3- to 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in saliva by gas-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Naccarato A.;Elliani R.
;
Tagarelli A.
2024-01-01

Abstract

This work presents a novel method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in saliva samples using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS). The protocol utilizes the latest commercially available overcoated fiber (PDMS/DVB/PDMS) for direct immersion extraction of the target analytes, enabling the determination of thirteen PAHs, including low-volatile compounds. The SPME extraction method was optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The evaluation of the fiber coating's robustness over time demonstrated excellent extraction performance with no significant degradation. The validation procedure confirmed good performance for all parameters, with LOQ values (100 ng/L for ten analytes and 500 ng/L for three analytes) comparable to other chromatographic methods. The environmental impact of the protocol was objectively assessed using two recently proposed metrics: the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and the Analytical Greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep). Both metrics indicated good overall environmental friendliness, with AGREEprep providing a satisfactory comprehensive score despite the use of highly impactful instrumentation. These characteristics make the developed method suitable for routine analysis in environmental and epidemiological monitoring.
2024
Experimental design, exposomics tools
Human biomonitoring
Microextraction techniques
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Saliva
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11770/374377
 Attenzione

Attenzione! I dati visualizzati non sono stati sottoposti a validazione da parte dell'ateneo

Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 0
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact