The development of machine learning in lung surgery: A narrative review

Background: Machine learning reflects an artificial intelligence that allows applications to improve their accuracy to predict outcomes, eliminating the need to conduct explicit programming on them. The medical field has increased its focus on establishing tools for integrating machine learning algorithms in laboratory and clinical settings. Despite their importance, their incorporation is minimal in the medical sector yet. The primary goal of this study is to review the development of machine learning in the field of thoracic surgery, especially lung surgery. Methods: This article used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The sources used to gather data are the PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases and the Google Scholar search engine. Results: The study included 19 articles, where ten concentrated on the application of machine learning in especially lung surgery, six focused on the benefits and limitations of machine learning algorithms in lung surgery, and three provided an overview of the future of machine learning in lung surgery. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicates that the field of lung surgery has attempted to integrate machine learning algorithms. However, the implementation rate is low, owing to the newness of the concept and the various challenges it encompasses. Also, this study reveals the absence of sufficient literature discussing the application of machine learning in lung surgery. The necessity for future research on the topic area remains evident.