Exosome and miRNAs of skeletal muscle: the role of strength training

Extracellular vesicles of which exosome belong are packet of microRNAs, particular interest the muscle-derived, which are critical regulators of intercellular communication in response to exercise. Strength training modifies muscle physiology and influences the expression and release of a class of microRNA called myomiRs that mediate systemic adaptations. Aim: This review aims to explore the relationship between strength training and skeletal muscle-derived extracellular vesicles–miRNAs. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies examining the expression, packaging, and function of myomiRs in response to strength training in both human and animal models. Key Findings: Strength training influences the expression and extracellular vesicle-mediated release of myomiRs. These myomiRs may regulate muscle hypertrophy, regeneration, and extracellular signaling. However, most available data remain correlational and not causal. Significance: Understanding the regulation and the systemic role of EVs-microRNA in response to strength training uncovers two aspects: first, the identification of novel biomarkers for the validity of the strength training, and second, the identification of a therapeutic strategy for musculoskeletal health.