Therapeutic tailored approach in patients with diabetes, cardiovascular and renal comorbidities: A cardiologist's view

Aims: The aim of this narrative review is to explore the management of hypoglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) or renal disease using the most recent strategies. Data synthesis: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the principal source of sickness and mortality in patients with T2DM. The importance of CVD risk factors among individuals with diabetes has been the object of recent investigation and several recommendations have been updated thanks to studies focused on CV outcomes. These trials showed CV and renal protection in recently introduced drug classes, like SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists). Conclusions: Lowering the likelihood of CV accidents becomes a crucial objective in addition to glucose management. A multimodal management is the priority to counteract micro- and macrovascular complications of T2DM and reduce associated morbidity and mortality in addiction to the control of the other CV risk factors.