From Components to Complexity via data standardisation: A Call for 'Systems Entomology'

Entomology encompasses a broad spectrum of disciplines, from taxonomy and ecology to molecular biology and applied environmental studies. Yet, despite its diversity, entomological research often remains fragmented, constrained by discipline-specific methods and separate datasets. This paper introduces Systems Entomology, a conceptual and methodological framework grounded in systems thinking and data integration. Systems Entomology seeks to understand insect-related phenomena through the web of interactions that link species, environments and processes, rather than by focusing on fragmented isolated components. Two main challenges were identified for developing this field: the data challenge, concerning the collection, standardisation and interoperability of entomological data; and the systems thinking challenge, concerning the analysis of interactions and emergent properties in complex ecological systems. A worked example, based on the trophic network of Nebria germari, demonstrates how standardised data, analysed through network theory, can reveal emergent patterns that contribute to understanding ecological and evolutionary processes. It is expected that Systems Entomology will enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, improve data-driven discovery and foster new ways of interpreting insect diversity in the context of global change.