Questo articolo ha l’abbrivio nella crisi del principio di legalità dovuta al potere creativo del giudice, un problema comune ai sistemi di civil law e di common law. Per governare il “ragionevole dubbio ermeneutico”, i sistemi hanno sviluppato diversi meccanismi di accountability ermeneutica. Il common law impone al difensore un dovere di candor, obbligandolo a citare i precedenti sfavorevoli per garantire la correttezza dell’input giuridico in un sistema basato sullo stare decisis. L’articolo confronta questo meccanismo con una proposta per l’ordinamento italiano: la “motivazione confutativa”. Tale obbligo imporrebbe al giudice penale, vincolato al favor rei, di dimostrare l’implausibilità di un’interpretazione favorevole prima di poter adottare quella sfavorevole. La tesi centrale è che i due meccanismi, pur agendo su soggetti diversi (difensore e giudice) e controllando fasi diverse (input e output della decisione), sono funzionalmente pressoché equivalenti e rappresentano la necessaria risposta, adattata alle diverse architetture processuali, alla medesima esigenza di trasparenza e controllo dell’arbitrio interpretativo.
This article stems from the crisis of the principle of legality caused by the creative power of the judiciary, a common issue in both civil law and common law systems. To manage “reasonable hermeneutic doubt”, these systems have developed various mechanisms of hermeneutic accountability. Common law imposes a duty of candor on the defense counsel, requiring them to cite unfavorable precedents to ensure the accuracy of legal input within a system based on stare decisis. The article compares this mechanism with a proposal for the Italian legal system: “rebuttal-based reasoning”. This obligation would require the criminal judge, bound by the principle of favor rei, to demonstrate the implausibility of a favorable interpretation before adopting an unfavorable one. The central thesis is that these two mechanisms – despite operating on different actors (counsel and judge) and controlling different phases (the input and output of the decision) – are functionally nearly equivalent. They represent a necessary response, adapted to different procedural architectures, to the same demand for transparency and the control of interpretive discretion.
Dal dovere di candor del difensore anglosassone alla motivazione confutativa del giudice italiano: modelli di accountability ermeneutica a confronto
Mario Caterini
2026-01-01
Abstract
This article stems from the crisis of the principle of legality caused by the creative power of the judiciary, a common issue in both civil law and common law systems. To manage “reasonable hermeneutic doubt”, these systems have developed various mechanisms of hermeneutic accountability. Common law imposes a duty of candor on the defense counsel, requiring them to cite unfavorable precedents to ensure the accuracy of legal input within a system based on stare decisis. The article compares this mechanism with a proposal for the Italian legal system: “rebuttal-based reasoning”. This obligation would require the criminal judge, bound by the principle of favor rei, to demonstrate the implausibility of a favorable interpretation before adopting an unfavorable one. The central thesis is that these two mechanisms – despite operating on different actors (counsel and judge) and controlling different phases (the input and output of the decision) – are functionally nearly equivalent. They represent a necessary response, adapted to different procedural architectures, to the same demand for transparency and the control of interpretive discretion.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


