Highlights What are the main findings? Identification and classification of the main packaging-glass families. Correlation between glass composition, processing routes, and functional performance. Quantitative comparison of circularity indicators, including cullet content, energy demand, CO2 footprint, and regulatory compliance. Systematic overview of technological innovations in packaging glass, including ion exchange, ALD coatings, and lightweight forming. What is the implication of the main finding? Glass is framed as a chemically inert and permanently recyclable packaging material. The scope of packaging glass is extended from conventional containers to hermetic and electronic encapsulation systems. The analysis supports the role of glass within decarbonized and traceable packaging supply chains.Highlights What are the main findings? Identification and classification of the main packaging-glass families. Correlation between glass composition, processing routes, and functional performance. Quantitative comparison of circularity indicators, including cullet content, energy demand, CO2 footprint, and regulatory compliance. Systematic overview of technological innovations in packaging glass, including ion exchange, ALD coatings, and lightweight forming. What is the implication of the main finding? Glass is framed as a chemically inert and permanently recyclable packaging material. The scope of packaging glass is extended from conventional containers to hermetic and electronic encapsulation systems. The analysis supports the role of glass within decarbonized and traceable packaging supply chains.Abstract This review synthesizes four decades of scientific and industrial developments in packaging glass, integrating structural, technological, and sustainability perspectives. Glass remains the benchmark material for inert, transparent, and fully recyclable containment, yet its scope has expanded from conventional bottles and vials to advanced functional and electronic encapsulation. Packaging glasses are classified into five main families-soda-lime, borosilicate, aluminosilicate, recycled (cullet-rich), and functional/electronic-and compared across key domains: mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical, barrier, and hermetic. Quantitative tables and normalized diagrams illustrate how compositional and processing trends govern structure, processability, and performance. Advances in forming, surface engineering, and melting practice are analyzed for their contributions to lightweighting, durability, and decarbonization. Sustainability is addressed through cullet utilization, energy demand, life-cycle indicators, and regulatory alignment, defining pathways toward circular and low-carbon production. Overall, packaging glass emerges as a circular, chemically stable, and traceable material system, while advances in high-integrity glass formulations now support hermetic encapsulation for diagnostic, electronic, and energy devices.
Packaging Glasses: From Containers to Encapsulation Composition, Performance, and Sustainability Pathways
Pagnotta L.
2026-01-01
Abstract
Highlights What are the main findings? Identification and classification of the main packaging-glass families. Correlation between glass composition, processing routes, and functional performance. Quantitative comparison of circularity indicators, including cullet content, energy demand, CO2 footprint, and regulatory compliance. Systematic overview of technological innovations in packaging glass, including ion exchange, ALD coatings, and lightweight forming. What is the implication of the main finding? Glass is framed as a chemically inert and permanently recyclable packaging material. The scope of packaging glass is extended from conventional containers to hermetic and electronic encapsulation systems. The analysis supports the role of glass within decarbonized and traceable packaging supply chains.Highlights What are the main findings? Identification and classification of the main packaging-glass families. Correlation between glass composition, processing routes, and functional performance. Quantitative comparison of circularity indicators, including cullet content, energy demand, CO2 footprint, and regulatory compliance. Systematic overview of technological innovations in packaging glass, including ion exchange, ALD coatings, and lightweight forming. What is the implication of the main finding? Glass is framed as a chemically inert and permanently recyclable packaging material. The scope of packaging glass is extended from conventional containers to hermetic and electronic encapsulation systems. The analysis supports the role of glass within decarbonized and traceable packaging supply chains.Abstract This review synthesizes four decades of scientific and industrial developments in packaging glass, integrating structural, technological, and sustainability perspectives. Glass remains the benchmark material for inert, transparent, and fully recyclable containment, yet its scope has expanded from conventional bottles and vials to advanced functional and electronic encapsulation. Packaging glasses are classified into five main families-soda-lime, borosilicate, aluminosilicate, recycled (cullet-rich), and functional/electronic-and compared across key domains: mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical, barrier, and hermetic. Quantitative tables and normalized diagrams illustrate how compositional and processing trends govern structure, processability, and performance. Advances in forming, surface engineering, and melting practice are analyzed for their contributions to lightweighting, durability, and decarbonization. Sustainability is addressed through cullet utilization, energy demand, life-cycle indicators, and regulatory alignment, defining pathways toward circular and low-carbon production. Overall, packaging glass emerges as a circular, chemically stable, and traceable material system, while advances in high-integrity glass formulations now support hermetic encapsulation for diagnostic, electronic, and energy devices.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
