Multiscale techniques for 3D imaging of magnetic data for archaeo-geophysical investigations in the Middle East: the case of Tell Barri (Syria).

Recent techniques of three-dimensional (3D) imaging of potential field anomalies are effective in estimating the source position in the subsurface by exploiting both the differentiation of the field and the stability of the method. Such a processing is fast and especially suitable for detecting isolated and compact sources, as usually are those of archaeological interest. Among these methods we employed techniques that take advantage from innovative concepts like the multiscale transformation and the scaling function, going well beyond the standard procedures usually employed for data processing with archaeological purposes. We interpreted magnetic data acquired during two geophysical surveys carried out in 2008 and 2010 at Tell Barri, in northeastern Syria. Tell Barri is a relevant site for the history of North Mesopotamia. The earliest settlement dates back to the end of the fourth millennium BCE whereas the site has been occupied – with no major breaks – until the fourteenth century CE. Based on the magnetic data interpretation, we have selected a test area as a target for an archeological excavation. The excavation found ancient structures closely matching the magnetic source revealed by the geophysical imaging. Since both the ground soil and the material of buried archaeological structures are representative of several ancient settlements in a much larger area (Upper Mesopotamia), we believe that such a geophysical approach could be successful in many archaeological sites scattered through this broad region.